🗃️🧩 Ethan's HTML Element Reference

Creates a hyperlink or hyperlink target.

Creates a hyperlink to another URL, a location within the current page, an email address, a telephone number, or another addressable resource. When it has an href attribute, it is one of the main ways users move between documents and locations on the web.

Represents an abbreviation or acronym.

Marks up an abbreviation or shortened form of a word or phrase. A title attribute can supply the expanded form when that information is useful, although it should not be treated as a substitute for clear surrounding text.

Represents an acronym.

Was used to mark an acronym or abbreviation and could pair the shortened text with an expanded form in the title attribute. Modern markup uses abbr for both acronyms and other abbreviations instead of maintaining a separate element.

Provides contact information for a person, people, or organization.

Contains contact information for the author or owner of the nearest article or body. It is meant for contact details related to the surrounding document or article, not for arbitrary postal addresses appearing in ordinary prose.

Selected alternate glyph representations for SVG text.

Defined alternate glyph substitutions for SVG text.

Grouped candidate glyph references for alternate SVG text rendering.

Animates an SVG attribute or property over time.

Is an SVG animation element that changes an attribute or presentation value over time. It is used inside SVG graphics rather than ordinary HTML flow content.

Animated color values; superseded by the general animate element.

Moves an SVG element along a motion path.

Animates an SVG element along a motion path. The path can be supplied directly or referenced through an mpath element.

Animates a transformation applied to an SVG element.

Animates an SVG transform such as translation, rotation, scaling, or skewing. It belongs inside SVG content and changes the element's transform over time.

Attaches non-XML annotation data to a mathematical expression.

Stores a non-rendered annotation associated with MathML semantics. It can hold alternate textual or machine-readable representations of the mathematical expression.

Attaches annotation content expressed in XML.

Stores an XML-based annotation associated with MathML semantics. It was used for alternate representations expressed in another XML vocabulary and is not part of the minimal MathML Core set used by all modern browsers.

Embeds a Java applet.

Embedded a Java applet in a web page. It belonged to the era when browsers could run small Java programs through plugin support, a model that disappeared from the modern web.

Defines a clickable or inactive region within an image map.

Defines a clickable region inside an image map. It is used as a child of map and normally supplies a shape, coordinates, and a destination URL.

Represents a self-contained composition that can stand independently.

Represents a self-contained composition that could reasonably stand on its own or be reused elsewhere. Common examples include a news story, forum post, blog entry, product card, or user-submitted comment.

Represents content indirectly related to surrounding content.

Represents content that is related to the surrounding material but not part of its main flow. Sidebars, callout boxes, related links, and short digressions are common uses.

Embeds sound content.

Embeds sound content in a document. It can point to one or more audio sources and can expose built-in playback controls, while fallback content may be placed between its tags.

Historically a typographic bold element; modern HTML uses it for text to which attention is drawn without implying extra importance.

Draws attention to text without assigning it extra importance or emphasis. It is appropriate for cases such as keywords, product names in a review, or other spans that conventionally need visual distinction but carry no stronger semantic meaning.

Specifies the base URL used for relative URLs in a document.

Sets the base URL used to resolve relative URLs in the document, and can also set a default browsing context for links and forms. Because it affects URL resolution across the page, a single base element can change the meaning of many otherwise ordinary relative links.

Sets a default font face, size, or color for document text.

Set a default font face, size, or color for text that followed it. It belongs to an older presentational style of HTML in which typography was controlled directly in markup rather than with CSS.

Isolates a span of text from surrounding bidirectional formatting.

Isolates a span of text from the bidirectional text direction of its surroundings. It is especially useful when inserting user-generated or otherwise unknown text whose writing direction might differ from the rest of the page.

Overrides the current directionality of text.

Overrides the normal bidirectional text algorithm and forces its contents to run in a specified direction. It is mainly used when the displayed direction of a text fragment must be deliberately controlled.

Plays a sound file in the background of a page.

Was a non-standard element used primarily by Internet Explorer to play background audio automatically. It never became part of normal cross-browser HTML authoring and is a relic of early multimedia pages.

Renders text one font size larger than surrounding text.

Displayed its contents in a larger font size relative to surrounding text. It expressed presentation directly in markup, so modern documents use CSS or a meaningful text element instead.

Causes enclosed text to blink on and off.

Was a non-standard element that made text blink on and off in browsers that supported it. It became notorious as an example of distracting early-web presentation and never had broad standards-based support.

Represents an extended quotation.

Marks a section that is quoted from another source, generally as a block rather than inline text. The cite attribute can record the source URL, while visible attribution still belongs in ordinary page content.

Contains the visible and interactive content of an HTML document.

Contains the document content that is presented to the user, including text, images, controls, and most page structure. A normal HTML document has one body element beneath the root html element.

Produces a line break within text.

Forces a line break within text. It is useful where line breaks are part of the content itself, such as addresses or poetry, but should not be used as a general spacing tool.

Represents a clickable button control.

Creates an interactive button that can submit forms or trigger scripted actions. Its contents can include text and other phrasing content, making it more flexible than many button-like input controls.

Provides a bitmap drawing surface controlled through scripting.

Provides a bitmap drawing surface that scripts can paint into with JavaScript. It is commonly used for custom graphics, games, data visualizations, image processing, and other dynamically drawn content.

Provides a title or caption for a table.

Supplies the title or caption for a table. It belongs directly inside table and gives readers a concise description of what the table represents.

Centers its contents horizontally.

Centered its contents horizontally. It was a presentational container from the era before CSS became the normal way to control layout and alignment.

Draws a circle.

Draws a circle in SVG using a center point and radius. It is one of the basic SVG shape elements and can be styled with fill, stroke, and related presentation properties.

Marks the title of a creative work.

Marks the title of a cited creative work, such as a book, film, article, song, painting, or research paper. It is for the work's title itself rather than the name of the person who created it.

Defines a clipping path used to restrict the visible region of graphics.

Defines an SVG clipping region that can be applied to other graphics. Anything outside the clipping shape is not painted.

Represents a fragment of computer code.

Marks a fragment of computer code or other machine-readable notation within text. Browsers commonly display it in a monospace font, though its real purpose is semantic rather than visual.

Defines one or more columns within a table.

Represents one or more columns within a table so that shared properties can be applied to them. It is normally placed inside colgroup and does not itself contain table cells.

Groups one or more table columns.

Groups one or more columns in a table. It can be used to associate styling or structural information with whole columns without repeating that information on every cell.

Obsolete HTML5-era element intended to represent an invokable command.

Was proposed as an element representing a command that a user could invoke, often in conjunction with menus. The menu-command model changed repeatedly and the element did not survive into modern HTML.

An obsolete Shadow DOM insertion point replaced by slot.

Was an insertion-point element from an early version of the Shadow DOM and Web Components model. It allowed distributed content to appear inside a shadow tree before that mechanism was replaced by slot.

Defined a custom cursor resource for SVG content.

Links visible content to a machine-readable value.

Associates visible content with a machine-readable value. It is useful when the human-facing text and the value used by software differ, such as displaying a product name while storing an internal product code.

Provides predefined options for an input control.

Provides a set of suggested values for another form control, most often an input linked to it through the list attribute. Users can usually choose one of the suggestions or enter a different value if the control allows it.

Provides the description or value for a term in a description list.

Provides the description, definition, or value associated with a term in a description list. It is used inside dl, generally following one or more dt elements.

Stores reusable SVG objects that are not rendered directly.

Stores reusable SVG definitions that are not rendered directly where they are declared. Gradients, symbols, filters, masks, and reusable shapes are commonly placed inside it and referenced elsewhere.

Represents content deleted from a document.

Marks content that has been removed from a document. It can optionally include information about when the deletion was made or where an explanation of the change can be found.

Provides a long-text description of SVG content.

Provides a textual description of an SVG element or graphic. It is intended for descriptive metadata and can help explain graphics that are not obvious from their visual appearance alone.

Creates a disclosure widget whose contents can be shown or hidden.

Creates a disclosure widget whose additional content can be shown or hidden by the user. A summary element supplies the visible label or heading that controls the disclosure.

Represents the defining instance of a term.

Marks the defining occurrence of a term. The surrounding sentence or paragraph should actually provide the term's definition, rather than merely mentioning it.

Represents a dialog box or other interactive component such as a modal.

Represents a dialog box or other temporary interactive window within the page. It can be shown non-modally or as a modal dialog, with browser behavior that helps manage focus and interaction.

Represents a directory-style list of items.

Represented a directory-style list, historically intended for short file or folder names. In practice it overlapped heavily with ordinary unordered lists.

Generic block-level container for grouping content.

Provides a generic block-level container with no special meaning of its own. It is useful for grouping content when no more specific element matches the structure or purpose.

Represents a list of terms and descriptions.

Creates a description list made from terms and their corresponding descriptions, definitions, or values. It can also represent other name-value groupings where dt and dd relationships make sense.

Identifies a term in a description list.

Marks a term, name, or label within a description list. One or more following dd elements provide the corresponding description or value.

Obsolete Web Components proposal for declaratively defining custom elements.

Was an early experimental Web Components element used to define custom elements declaratively. The modern Custom Elements API uses JavaScript registration instead.

Draws an ellipse.

Draws an ellipse in SVG using a center point plus separate horizontal and vertical radii. A circle is effectively the special case where the two radii are equal.

Marks text with stress emphasis.

Marks text with stress emphasis, changing the meaning or emphasis of the sentence rather than merely styling it. Nested em elements can indicate increasing levels of emphasis.

Embeds external content, typically multimedia or plugin content.

Embeds external content handled by the browser or an available plugin-like content handler. It has historically been used for media and other external resources, although more specific elements are usually preferable when available.

Blends two filter inputs.

Combines two inputs inside an SVG filter using a blend mode. Modes such as multiply, screen, darken, and lighten can be used to merge filtered graphics.

Transforms colors using a matrix of values.

Transforms color values inside an SVG filter using a matrix or one of several predefined operations. It can alter channels, saturation, hue, or alpha in a single filter stage.

Performs component-wise remapping of color channels.

Applies per-channel transfer functions to filtered SVG content. Child feFuncR, feFuncG, feFuncB, and feFuncA elements define how each color or alpha channel is remapped.

Combines two filter inputs using a compositing operation.

Combines two SVG filter inputs using compositing operations. It can perform operations such as over, in, out, atop, xor, and arithmetic combinations.

Applies a matrix convolution filter such as sharpening or edge detection.

Applies a convolution matrix to an SVG filter input. It can be used for effects such as sharpening, embossing, edge detection, and other neighborhood-based image processing.

Lights an image using a diffuse reflection model.

Creates a diffuse-lighting effect in an SVG filter using the source graphic as a height map. A child light-source element such as feDistantLight, fePointLight, or feSpotLight supplies the illumination.

Displaces pixels using values from another image.

Distorts one SVG filter input using pixel values from another input as displacement data. It is useful for ripples, warping, turbulence-driven distortion, and similar effects.

Defines a distant light source for SVG lighting filters.

Defines a distant directional light source for SVG lighting filters. Its direction is described with azimuth and elevation rather than a physical point in the graphic.

Creates a drop-shadow effect from an input image.

Creates a drop shadow inside an SVG filter. It combines offset, blur, and flood-style shadow coloring in one filter primitive.

Fills a filter region with a color and opacity.

Creates a rectangular image filled with a single color and opacity inside an SVG filter. That generated image is usually combined with other filter inputs later in the chain.

Defines the transfer function for the alpha channel.

Defines the transfer function for the alpha channel inside feComponentTransfer. It can apply identity, table, discrete, linear, or gamma transformations.

Defines the transfer function for the blue channel.

Defines the transfer function for the blue channel inside feComponentTransfer. Its settings remap incoming blue values before later filter stages use them.

Defines the transfer function for the green channel.

Defines the transfer function for the green channel inside feComponentTransfer. It is one of four channel-specific function elements used by that filter primitive.

Defines the transfer function for the red channel.

Defines the transfer function for the red channel inside feComponentTransfer. It allows precise remapping of red-channel values in an SVG filter.

Applies a Gaussian blur filter.

Applies a Gaussian blur to an SVG filter input. Horizontal and vertical blur strength can be controlled together or independently.

Uses an external image or SVG fragment as filter input.

Loads an external image or referenced SVG fragment as an input to an SVG filter. The resulting image can then be combined with other filter primitives.

Combines multiple filter-result layers.

Combines several SVG filter inputs into one output by layering them together. Its children are feMergeNode elements that specify the inputs to merge.

Identifies one input layer within a filter merge.

Specifies one input to an feMerge filter primitive. Multiple nodes are stacked in order to build the merged result.

Erodes or dilates an input image.

Expands or contracts opaque regions in an SVG filter input. The dilate operation grows shapes, while erode shrinks them.

Embeds a privacy-restricted nested browsing context; experimental and pending removal.

Offsets an input image by a specified amount.

Shifts an SVG filter input horizontally and vertically. It is commonly used as one stage in building shadows and layered effects.

Defines a point light source for SVG lighting filters.

Defines a point light source at a specific x, y, and z position for SVG lighting filters. Light radiates outward from that point.

Lights an image using a specular reflection model.

Creates specular highlights in an SVG filter, producing shinier light reflections than diffuse lighting. It uses the source graphic as a height map and requires a child light-source element.

Defines a spotlight source for SVG lighting filters.

Defines a spotlight for SVG lighting filters. It has a position, a target point, and controls for the cone and concentration of the light.

Tiles an input image to fill a filter region.

Repeats an SVG filter input to fill the filter region. It is useful for building tiled textures or repeating smaller filtered images.

Generates procedural noise for use in filter effects.

Generates procedural noise inside an SVG filter. The noise can be used directly as texture or fed into displacement and other filter operations.

Groups related controls and labels within a form.

Groups related controls within a form. A legend element can label the group, which is especially useful for sets of choices that need a shared question or heading.

Provides a caption for a figure.

Provides a caption or legend for the contents of a figure element. It helps connect explanatory text directly with the image, diagram, code sample, or other self-contained material in that figure.

Represents self-contained content, optionally with a caption.

Groups self-contained content that is referenced from the surrounding document but can usually stand apart from the main prose. Images, diagrams, charts, code examples, and quotations are common contents, often paired with figcaption.

Defines a set of graphical filter operations.

Defines a reusable SVG filter effect made from one or more filter primitives. Other SVG elements reference it to apply blurs, shadows, color changes, distortions, lighting, or compound effects.

Controls the face, size, and color of text.

Set font face, size, and color directly in HTML. It became one of the classic examples of presentational markup that CSS was designed to replace.

Described the characteristics of an SVG font face.

Specified a font format within an SVG font source.

Specified a locally installed font name for an SVG font source.

Contained font-source information for an SVG font face.

Referenced an external font resource for an SVG font face.

Represents footer information for a section or page.

Represents footer information for its nearest sectioning content or sectioning root. It commonly contains authorship, copyright, related links, or navigation associated with that section.

Embeds content from another XML namespace, commonly HTML, inside SVG.

Embeds content from another XML namespace inside SVG, most notably HTML. It makes it possible to place normal HTML text and layout inside an SVG coordinate system.

Represents a section containing interactive controls for submitting information.

Groups controls used to collect and submit user input. Its attributes define where submitted data goes, how it is encoded, and which HTTP method is used.

Defines a frame within a frameset document.

Defined one rectangular browsing area inside a frameset. A page built from frames could load separate HTML documents into different regions of the browser window.

Defines a set of frames replacing the normal document body.

Replaced body in old framed documents and divided the browser viewport into multiple frame regions. Each region could load a separate document, producing layouts that were difficult to link to, navigate, print, and maintain.

Groups SVG elements so they can be transformed or styled together.

Groups SVG elements so transforms, presentation properties, and other operations can be applied to them together. It is the general-purpose structural container of SVG graphics.

Creates an experimental browser-defined control for sharing location data with a page.

Defined an individual glyph in an SVG font.

Referenced a glyph for alternate glyph substitution.

Represents a top-level section heading.

Represents a first-level heading. It normally identifies the highest-level heading for a page or section and should describe the content that follows it.

Represents a second-level section heading.

Represents a second-level heading. It is typically used for major subsections beneath an h1-level topic.

Represents a third-level section heading.

Represents a third-level heading. It is commonly used for subsections nested beneath h2-level sections.

Represents a fourth-level section heading.

Represents a fourth-level heading. It continues the document's heading hierarchy beneath h3-level sections.

Represents a fifth-level section heading.

Represents a fifth-level heading. It is available for deeply nested document structures where another heading level is genuinely needed.

Represents a sixth-level section heading.

Represents a sixth-level heading, the lowest numbered heading level in HTML. It is generally reserved for deeply nested subsections.

Contains document metadata and machine-readable information.

Contains document metadata and resources that are not part of the visible page body. Typical contents include title, meta, link, style, script, and base elements.

Represents introductory or navigational content for a section or page.

Represents introductory content for a page or section. It often contains a heading, logo, introductory text, navigation, or other material that establishes what the section is about.

Groups a heading with secondary heading content.

Groups a heading with related secondary material such as a subtitle or tagline. It is useful when several lines belong to one heading unit rather than forming separate sections.

Defined horizontal kerning pairs in an SVG font.

Historically presented as a horizontal rule; modern HTML defines it semantically as a thematic break between sections or topics.

Represents a thematic break between paragraphs or sections of content. Browsers often draw it as a horizontal line, but the element's meaning is a change in topic or scene rather than decorative rule-making.

Represents the root element of an HTML document.

Is the root element of an HTML document and contains the head and body. Its lang attribute is also the usual place to declare the primary language of the page.

Historically a typographic italic element; modern HTML uses it for text in an alternate voice, mood, idiom, technical term, or similar offset.

Marks text set apart from the surrounding prose for some alternate voice or convention, such as a technical term, taxonomic designation, idiomatic phrase, or thought. It should not be used merely because italic styling is desired.

Embeds another HTML page in the current document.

Embeds another browsing context inside the current page, usually displaying another HTML document. Its permissions and behavior can be restricted with attributes such as sandbox and allow.

Defines an inline positioned layer in Netscape browsers.

Was a Netscape-specific inline layer element used for positioned or overlapping content. It belonged to the browser-specific layout systems that predated standardized CSS positioning.

An early precursor or alias to the img element in some browsers.

Was an early experimental precursor or alias related to image embedding. The standardized img element became the lasting form, while image remains a historical oddity rather than normal HTML markup.

Embeds an image in a document.

Embeds an image into the document. The src attribute identifies the image resource, while alt supplies a text alternative when the image cannot or should not be presented visually.

Creates an interactive form control.

Creates a form control whose behavior depends heavily on its type attribute. The same element can represent text fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, date pickers, file selectors, submit buttons, and many other input mechanisms.

Represents content inserted into a document.

Marks content that has been inserted into a document. It can optionally carry information about when the insertion occurred or where an explanation of the edit can be found.

Creates a primitive single-line query input associated with the document.

Created a single-line text prompt that allowed the user to submit a simple query, usually to a server. It predates modern HTML forms and effectively bundled a tiny search form into one element.

Represents user input, typically from a keyboard.

Marks user input, typically something entered with a keyboard but not limited to keyboards. It is commonly used for key names, commands, and short examples of what the user should type.

Generated a cryptographic key pair and submitted the public key with a form.

Generated a public-private key pair through a form and submitted the public key to a server. It was associated with browser-based certificate enrollment, a workflow later removed from mainstream HTML and browsers.

Represents a caption for a form control.

Associates readable text with a form control. Clicking a properly connected label usually focuses or activates its control, and the association gives assistive technology a usable name for the control.

Defines a positioned layer of content in Netscape browsers.

Was a Netscape-specific element for creating independently positioned page layers. CSS positioning and stacking replaced this browser-specific layout mechanism.

Provides a caption for a fieldset.

Provides a caption for the contents of a fieldset. It normally states the question, category, or purpose shared by the controls inside that group.

Represents an item in an ordered, unordered, or menu list.

Represents a single item in an ordered, unordered, or menu list. Its meaning depends on the parent list, while its contents can contain ordinary flow content.

Draws a straight line between two points.

Draws a straight line segment in SVG between two coordinate pairs. Its visible appearance normally comes from stroke properties rather than fill.

Defines a linear color gradient paint server.

Defines a linear color gradient for SVG fills or strokes. Child stop elements specify the colors and positions along the gradient line.

Specifies a relationship between the document and an external resource.

Declares a relationship between the current document and an external resource. It is used for stylesheets, icons, preload hints, canonical relationships, alternate versions, and several other document-level connections.

Displays preformatted text in a monospaced style.

Displayed a block of text in a preformatted style and treated much of its contents as literal text. It was an early cousin of pre and xmp and disappeared as HTML's text-formatting model became more consistent.

Associates an action or interactive behavior with mathematical subexpressions.

Represents an interactive MathML action that can switch or otherwise respond to user interaction. It belongs to older, broader MathML functionality and is not part of the streamlined MathML Core implemented consistently by modern browsers.

Represents the dominant content of the document body.

Identifies the dominant content of the document body. It should exclude material repeated across pages, such as site-wide navigation, sidebars, and standard footers.

Defines an image map containing clickable areas.

Defines an image map that contains clickable regions described by area elements. An img or object can refer to the map so different parts of the same image lead to different destinations.

Represents text highlighted for reference or relevance.

Marks text that is relevant or noteworthy in the current context, often because it matches a search term or has been called out for reference. Its meaning is closer to a highlighter mark than to strong importance.

Defines graphics used as markers on paths, lines, polylines, or polygons.

Defines reusable graphics that can be placed at the start, middle vertices, or end of SVG paths and lines. Arrowheads are the most familiar use.

Creates scrolling or moving text and content.

Creates a scrolling or bouncing region of text or other content in browsers that still support it. It is strongly associated with 1990s web design and remains recognizable precisely because its animated behavior is so conspicuous.

Defines an alpha or luminance mask for SVG content.

Defines an SVG mask that controls the transparency of another graphic. Bright or opaque regions reveal more of the target, while dark or transparent regions hide more of it depending on mask mode.

Wraps a MathML mathematical expression and can be embedded directly in HTML.

Is the top-level container for MathML embedded directly in an HTML document. It wraps mathematical notation so browsers and assistive technologies can treat the expression as structured mathematics rather than an image or improvised text.

Renders mathematical content with an enclosing notation.

Draws one or more notations around MathML content, such as a box, circle, strike, or radical-like enclosure. The notation attribute selects the surrounding marks.

An early list/menu element, deprecated in HTML 4 and later redefined for modern menu/list semantics.

Represents an unordered list of commands or items. In modern HTML it behaves much like ul, although its name reflects an intended use for toolbars and command-oriented lists.

Represented a command that could be invoked from a menu.

Represented a command that could appear in a menu, including context-menu experiments in some browsers. The surrounding menu system never achieved lasting interoperable support, and the element fell out of use.

Displays content as a syntax or authoring error.

Marks MathML content as an error message or error representation. Browsers can render it in a way that distinguishes malformed or otherwise problematic mathematical content.

Represents metadata that cannot be expressed by other metadata elements.

Supplies document metadata that cannot be expressed by elements such as title, base, or link. Common uses include character encoding, viewport configuration, document descriptions, and other name-value metadata.

Contains structured metadata about SVG content.

Stores metadata inside an SVG document or fragment. Its contents are not rendered as part of the graphic.

Represents a scalar measurement within a known range.

Displays a scalar measurement within a known range, such as disk usage, a score, or a gauge reading. It is not meant to represent task completion; progress is the appropriate element for that.

Legacy shorthand for surrounding an expression with fences and separators.

Was a convenience MathML element for automatically placing opening and closing fences around content. Explicit mo elements are now preferred because they give authors clearer control over delimiters and separators.

Displays a numerator over a denominator as a fraction.

Displays a MathML fraction with a numerator and denominator. By changing the fraction-line thickness it can also represent structures such as binomial coefficients.

Represents an identifier such as a variable name.

Marks a MathML identifier such as a variable, function name, or symbolic constant. Single-character identifiers are commonly rendered in an italic mathematical style by default.

Defined the fallback glyph for characters absent from an SVG font.

Attaches multiple prescripts and postscripts to a base expression.

Attaches multiple prescripts and postscripts to a MathML base. It is used for notation that needs more than the ordinary single subscript and superscript pair.

Represents a numeric literal.

Marks numeric content in MathML. It is used for integers, decimals, and other sequences that should be treated as numbers rather than identifiers or operators.

Represents an operator, fence, separator, or other operator-like symbol.

Marks a MathML operator, relation, delimiter, or similar symbol. It carries much of MathML's spacing and stretching behavior for symbols such as +, =, parentheses, and summation signs.

Places an accent or expression over a base expression.

Places one MathML expression over another. It is used for accents, bars, arrows, and other notation that sits above a base expression.

Adjusts the dimensions or positioning of its mathematical content.

Adjusts the dimensions or position of MathML content without changing the mathematical structure itself. It is useful for fine control over spacing and visual alignment.

References a path used by an animateMotion element.

References an SVG path for use by animateMotion. It lets a motion animation reuse an existing path instead of repeating the path data.

Reserves space for content while rendering it invisibly.

Makes MathML content invisible while preserving the space it would have occupied. It can be used to align expressions by reserving matching dimensions.

Marks the start of prescripts within a multiscripts expression.

Marks the point inside mmultiscripts where prescripts begin. Script pairs before and after it are interpreted on different sides of the base expression.

Displays a base expression with an explicit root index.

Displays a MathML radical with an explicit index. Its first child is the radicand and its second child supplies the index, such as the 3 in a cube root.

Groups mathematical subexpressions into a horizontal row.

Groups MathML expressions into a single horizontal unit. It is one of the basic structural containers used when several tokens need to behave as one expression.

Represents a string literal in mathematical notation.

Marks a string literal in MathML. Browsers can add quotation marks around its contents, with optional attributes to choose the opening and closing quote characters.

Creates explicit spacing within a mathematical expression.

Inserts a specified amount of space into MathML. It can control width, height, and depth and is intended for deliberate spacing within mathematical layout.

Displays content under a square-root radical.

Displays a square root around its MathML contents. Unlike mroot, it does not require a separate index child.

Groups mathematical content for shared styling or legacy presentation attributes.

Groups MathML content so shared mathematical styling can be applied to the descendants. It comes from the broader MathML vocabulary and is less central to MathML Core authoring.

Attaches a subscript to a base expression.

Attaches a subscript to a MathML base expression. It takes two children: the base and the subscript.

Attaches both a subscript and superscript to a base expression.

Attaches both a subscript and a superscript to the same MathML base. The children appear in base, subscript, superscript order.

Attaches a superscript to a base expression.

Attaches a superscript to a MathML base expression. It is used for exponents and other notation written above and to the side of a base.

Displays mathematical content in rows and columns.

Creates a MathML table or matrix. Its rows are mtr elements and its cells are mtd elements, making it useful for matrices, aligned expressions, and tabular mathematical layouts.

Represents a cell within a MathML table row.

Represents one cell inside a MathML table row. It is roughly analogous to HTML td, but participates in MathML's mathematical layout rules.

Represents ordinary text within a mathematical expression.

Marks ordinary text embedded inside a MathML expression. It is used for words or phrases that should be read as text rather than as mathematical identifiers or operators.

Represents a row within a MathML table.

Represents one row inside a MathML table. Its child cells are mtd elements.

Flows content into multiple columns in Netscape browsers.

Was a non-standard Netscape-era element for laying content out in multiple columns. CSS multi-column layout eventually provided a standards-based solution without requiring a special HTML tag.

Places an accent or expression under a base expression.

Places one MathML expression underneath another. It is commonly used for under-accents and limits that appear below large operators.

Places expressions both under and over a base expression.

Places one expression below and another above the same MathML base. It is especially useful for lower and upper limits on operators such as sums and integrals.

Represents a section containing navigation links.

Represents a section whose main purpose is navigation. It is typically used for major groups of links such as site navigation, section menus, tables of contents, or pagination.

Early HTML element used to suggest the next identifier value for authoring tools.

Was an extremely early HTML element used by authoring tools to record the next available identifier for generated anchors. It was metadata for document editing rather than content intended for readers.

Prevents enclosed text from wrapping automatically.

Prevented its contents from wrapping onto a new line. Modern pages achieve the same visual behavior with CSS when keeping a particular text run unbroken is actually necessary.

Provides fallback content for browsers that cannot render embedded content.

Provided fallback content for browsers that could not display content embedded with embed. It came from an older plugin-oriented web and was largely superseded by other embedding and fallback patterns.

Provides fallback content for browsers that do not support frames.

Provided fallback content for user agents that could not display frame-based pages. It was normally used inside frameset documents to give non-frame browsers some usable alternative content.

Non-standard crawler directive element historically used to exclude enclosed content from some search indexes.

Netscape-specific fallback content for browsers that did not support the layer element.

Provided fallback content for browsers that did not support Netscape's layer element. It is a fossil from the period when major browsers exposed incompatible proprietary layout systems.

Provides fallback content when scripting is unavailable or disabled.

Provides content for situations where scripting is unavailable or disabled. Its exact parsing rules depend on whether it appears in head or body, so it is more specialized than a generic fallback container.

Embeds an external resource that may be treated as an image, document, or plugin.

Embeds an external resource that may be treated as an image, document, or other type of object. It can contain fallback HTML for cases where the external resource cannot be displayed.

Represents an ordered list of items.

Creates an ordered list in which item sequence matters. Browsers normally number the child li elements, while attributes can control numbering direction and starting value.

Groups related options within a select control.